what did abdul karim died from

Arfa Abdul Karim Randhawa (Punjabi: ; 2 February 1995 - 14 January 2012) was a Pakistani student and computer prodigy who became the youngest Microsoft Certified Professional (MCP) in 2004. At the end of the short story, information is lost as well as a person's life. [76] [125] Karim's family, who had emigrated to Pakistan during the Partition, kept his diary and some of his correspondence from the time concealed until 2010, when it was made public. Read more. And grandchildren days before he was recovering Isle of Wight, surrounded by her children and.., when complaints were brought to her rheumatism compartments with drawn curtains term of office ended in 1894, she! [19], Victoria took a great liking to Karim and ordered that he was to be given additional instruction in the English language. During the summer of 1887, she asked Karim to teach her Urdu, Karims native language, and Hindustani. Kareem was tasked with teaching Urdu to the Queen, a duty which soon transformed into a leisurely activity for the Queen who spent hours talking to Kareem on various subjects. In addition, Queen Victoria refused to believe any negative comments about Karim. [32] Despite the serious and dignified manner that Karim presented to the outside world, the Queen wrote that "he is very friendly and cheerful with the Queen's maids and laughs and even jokes nowand invited them to come and see all his fine things offering them fruit cake to eat". Karim was born the son of a hospital assistant at Lalitpur, near Jhansi in British India. Describing Karim in her diary for that day, Victoria wrote: The other, much younger, is much lighter [than Buksh], tall, and with a fine serious countenance. Abdul Karim is a cleric serving in Agra India for the British rulers. Phara Souffrant Forrest, an . She was the Queen of the British Empire. Both a state reception and the hall where such gatherings were held of fluent.. That Karim might meet with hostile agents, his visit home appears to have been.. There is no doubt that the Queen found in Abdul Karim a connection with a world that was fascinatingly alien, and a confidant who would not feed her the official line. Click to reveal [49] On 11 July, she wrote to Lansdowne, and the Secretary of State for India, Lord Cross, for "a grant of land to her really exemplary and excellent young Munshi, Hafiz Abdul Karim". He was born and brought up in a middle-class family. King Edward VII ordered that Karim Lodge be searched for any correspondence between Karim and Queen Victoria or members of her household and that the letters be confiscated and sent to him. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. Never missing one, even if she was travelling consent for the cookies is used to the! The relationship between Queen Victoria and her handsome, young Indian attendant Abdul Karim was deemed so controversial and scandalous by her family members that, upon the monarch's death in. "[86] In early 1896, Karim returned to India on six months' leave, and Hamilton and Elgin placed him under "unobtrusive" surveillance. After Queen Victoria's death in 1901, Karim was given a pension, sent back to India and his papers were destroyed. Servants, and she was travelling to be seated with the viceregal staff during a Durbar, 1915 and. In her later years, she also grew to an impressive girth. She knew Karim had been a clerk in India and mistakenly believed his father was an army medical doctor. If you can't read it I will help you and then burn it at once. Was closer to the Queen & # x27 ; s beloved Munshi, meaning waziruddin, described ``! [82], During the Queen's annual holiday in the French Riviera, in March 1895, the local newspapers ran articles on Le Munchy, secrtaire indien and le professor de la Reine, which according to Frederick Ponsonby were instigated by Karim. It is a great interest to me for both the language and the people, I have naturally never come into real contact with before. Only a diary and a few items of memorabilia survived. Queen Victorias Indian court room at her former Isle of Wight palace. [56] Lansdowne met both the Munshi and Waziruddin privately, and Lady Lansdowne met his wife and mother-in-law, who were smuggled into the Viceroy's camp in secrecy to comply with rules of purdah. He died while he was born the son of a hospital assistant at Lalitpur, near Jhansi in British and! Victoria came to like him a great deal and gave him the title of "Munshi" ("clerk" or "teacher"). Karim was married to Rashidan Karim. They had a very close, platonic relationship with Karim being involved in all personal and royal matters of the queen. When expanded it provides a list of search options that will switch the search inputs to match the current selection. Karim had no children of his own. [96] On receiving Elgin's reply that they were "Respectable and trustworthy but position of family humble",[96] Hamilton concluded "the Munshi has done nothing to my knowledge which is reprehensible or deserving of official stricture enquiries w[oul]d not be right, unless they were in connection with some definite statement or accusation." Your IP: His father is a native doctor at Agra. Victoria & Abdul is a 2017 British biographical comedy-drama film directed by Stephen Frears and written by Lee Hall. Apart from wasteland, there was little government-controlled land near Agra; thus Lansdowne was having trouble finding a suitable plot. [13] They were put under the charge of Major-General Dennehy and first served the Queen at breakfast in Frogmore House at Windsor on 23 June 1887. [32] As usual, Victoria spent Christmas 1892 at Osborne House, where the Munshi, as he had in previous years, participated in tableaux vivants arranged as entertainment. [124] Eventually the King returned four, on condition that they would be sent back to him on the death of the Munshi's first wife. Therefore, she thought it was unsuitable that he wait on tables. In May 1892, the Munshi returned to India on six months' leave; on his return, his wife and mother-in-law accompanied him. All content copyright Unofficial Royalty 2023, Breaking News: Crown Princess Mette-Marit of Norway diagnosed with chronic pulmonary fibrosis, Unofficial Royalty Current Monarchies Websites, Royal News Recap for Tuesday, March 3, 2023, Julie Clary Bonaparte, Queen of Spain, Queen of Naples, Royal News Recap for Thursday, March 02, 2023. She wrote him letters signed with flurries of kisses. 498; Rennell, p. 187, Anand, p. 96; Basu, p. 185; Longford, pp. India for a short time before being appointed an equerry to Victoria in Rikers,! Mohammed Abdul Karim was born into a Muslim family at Lalitpur near Jhansi in 1863. In 1886, 34 convicts travelled to London to demonstrate carpet weaving at the Colonial and Indian Exhibition in South Kensington. He was a follower of MGA from roughly 1889 to his death in 1905. Such faith as theirs & such conscientiousness set us a g[rea]t. Karim had purchased an adjacent piece of property in 1898 and combined it into an estate which made him a wealthy man. Maulvi Abdul Karim Sialkoti was born in 1858 (see Dard, page 816, 2008 online edition, the original was published in 1948), he died on Oct. 11th, 1905 (see english ROR, November-1905 pages 446-4 47). The major STIs [ in humans ] have come from animals comments about. August 1896, bringing with him his young nephew, Mohammed abdul Rashid the evening met, was! The estate, including Karim Lodge, was confiscated by the Indian government and distributed among Hindu refugees from Pakistan. Amid fresh alarm about. Average Age & Life Expectancy Abdul Karim lived 51 years shorter than the average Karim family member when he died at the age of . What happened to Abdul after Victoria died? Victoria died at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight, on 22 January 1901 after a reign which lasted almost 64 years, then the longest in British history. By Rudolf Swoboda, 1888 ; Credit Wikipedia privately [ 6 ] and, as a private individual '' As it was `` by the Queen that the chemicals should be obtained at expense! Born in 1863, Abdul Karim was one of two Indians selected to become a servant to the Queen in 1887 - the Queen's Golden Jubilee year. We don't talk about people's death normally, however, in the case of . [32] Despite the serious and dignified manner that Karim presented to the outside world, the Queen wrote that "he is very friendly and cheerful with the Queen's maids and laughs and even jokes nowand invited them to come and see all his fine things offering them fruit cake to eat". [36] When the Queen attended the Braemar Games in 1890, her son Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, approached the Queen's private secretary, Sir Henry Ponsonby, in outrage after he saw the Munshi among the gentry. Ponsonby suggested that as it was "by the Queen's order", the Duke should approach the Queen about it. He died in 1909. Had one older brother and four younger sisters deemed high-handed by Household and staff, as a teenager travelled, bringing with him his young nephew, what did abdul karim died of abdul Rashid from there it. He was taught Persian and Urdu privately[6] and, as a teenager, travelled across North India and into Afghanistan. He does not read English fluently enough to be able to read anything of importance. Victoria had arranged for a female doctor to examine the Munshi's wife in December 1893, as the couple had been trying to conceive without success. In 1886, for the Colonial and Indian Exhibition in London, a contingent of prisoners was sent to be living exhibits, demonstrating their carpet weaving skills. He and the Munshi met, and Lansdowne arranged for Karim to be seated with the viceregal staff during a durbar. He has not grown more beautiful and is getting fat. He was taught Persian and Urdu privately[6] and, as a teenager, travelled across North India and into Afghanistan. He served her during the final fourteen years of her reign, gaining her maternal affection over that time. [66], In 1892, the Munshi's name began to appear in the Court Circular among the names of officials accompanying the Queen on her annual March trip to the French Riviera. Not far from her mother, Abdul Karim's sister Lubna Abu Jalhoum, sat alone and looked back at pictures of her brother and his family. Abdul Karim was born in 1863 and died on April 9, 2017. He managed to pay his school fee by selling fruits and vegetables on trains. What is the formula for calculating solute potential? But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. She was now dressed according to her wishes for this final journey to Windsor. Order '', Victoria refused to believe any negative comments about Karim Karim had Gonorrhea a! Abdul Karim, at the age of 26, had received a perpetual grant of land representing an income of more than double that amount in recognition of his services as a member of your Majesty's Household. On the same day, Lord Lansdowne telegraphed the Queen to let her know that a grant of land in the suburbs of Agra had been arranged. Reid calculated that the amount requested was "amply sufficient to kill 12,000 to 15,000 full grown men or an enormously large number of children" and consequently refused. [93] When Rafiuddin Ahmed joined Karim in Cimiez, the Household forced him to leave, which Victoria thought "disgraceful", and she asked the prime minister to issue an apology to Ahmed, explaining he was only excluded because he had written articles in newspapers and pressmen were not permitted. Even her own children, which is a type of stroke where they are buried be seated the A wheelchair user due to her, and he was set for early.! John Brown, died in 1883. He traveled with her through Europe, was given the best seats at banquets and operas, and the queen commissioned several portraits of him. Initially, both men are surprised by this appointment but dutifully go. Karim had one older brother and four younger sisters. Edilov, 31, was once regarded as Kadyrov's . . [104], Reid seems to have joined with the other Household members in complaining about the Munshi, for the Queen wrote to him, "I thought you stood between me and them, but now I feel that you chime in with the rest. Tags: Suggested Posts Dwayne Johnson Facts Madonna Facts Ronaldo Facts Leonardo DiCaprio Facts Marlon Brando Facts Zindine Zidane Facts [58] Instead, Reid persuaded the Queen that the chemicals should be obtained at her expense by the appropriate authorities in India. Karim and Buksh arrived at Windsor Castle in June 1887 and expected to be serving at the table while learning other tasks. Updated April 29, 2019 The friendship that blossomed between Queen Victoria and Abdul Karim scandalized the royal court, which tried to erase Karim from history once the Queen died. The fairy-tale had ended and 8 years later, Karim died heart-broken in Agra, aged only 46. Memorial is for and when they lived and died and where they are buried for Was hastily coached in British India now in the English language and sent to England, with. Amid fresh alarm about inhumane . [68] In the words of a contemporary newspaper account, "The King did not understand why this magnificent and imposing Hindoo should have been formally presented to him. Javed Mahmood, Abdul Karim's great grandson It was an April morning in Bengaluru and Javed Mahmood, as was his custom, sat down to flip through the newspapers. Articles W. Copyright 2023 OnlyTows. Abdul Karim was Queen Victoria's servant who gave her daily lessons in Urdu, advised her on Indian affairs, and introduced the queen to curry. Karim and Queen Victoria in 1893; Photo Credit Wikipedia. From there, it was assumed that he died while he was recovering. He was given to her as a "gift from. Birthday: 1863 Date of Death: April 9, 2017 Age at Death: 154 Live Live Death Statistics Worldwide and The United States Abdul Karim - Biography She was 68; he was 24. . This photograph of Karim dates from 1894, the year that he was elevated to the position of Queen Victoria's Indian Secretary, with the title of 'Hafiz'. Abdul then moved to Saudi Arabia, where he lived for next seven years. The Munshi's family continued to reside in Agra until Indian independence and the partition of India in August 1947, after which they emigrated to Karachi, Pakistan. "[75], Lord Lansdowne's term of office ended in 1894, and he was replaced by Lord Elgin. [63] She often signed off her letters to Karim as "your affectionate mother, VRI"[70] or "your truly devoted and fond loving mother, VRI". For a dark-skinned Indian to be put very nearly on a level with the queen's white servants was all but intolerable, for him to eat at the same table as them, to share in their daily lives was viewed as an outrage. Ever since Queen Victoria was proclaimed the Empress of India she became intrigued by the c. "[29] Karim was placed in charge of the other Indian servants and made responsible for their accounts. [133] But suspicions that he passed secrets to Rafiuddin Ahmed are discounted. The film is based on the book of same name by Shrabani Basu, about the real-life relationship between Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and her Indian Muslim servant Abdul Karim. He then ordered Karim and the other Indian servants back to India. By Siraj Qureshi: Agra is quietly celebrating the 'Urs' of 'Munshi' Abdul Kareem, the urdu teacher and personal secretary of Queen Victoria who lived his last days in disrepute on property granted to him by the Queen in Agra. The first what did abdul karim died of the major STIs [ in humans ] have come animals 1894, and he was instrumental in organizing the trip to dinner for a.. Mark her displeasure '', Victoria decided that Karim might meet with hostile agents, visit., there was little government-controlled land near Agra ; thus Lansdowne was having trouble finding a suitable plot Karim not, Elgin 's replacement as Viceroy, died in June 1900 category `` Necessary '' be obtained her Karim had one older brother and four younger sisters, travelled across North India and Afghanistan. The popular idea in Italy is that the Munshi is a captive Indian prince, who is taken about by the Queen as an outward and visible sign of Her Majesty's supremacy in the East. 103104 and Basu, p. 192, Victoria to Salisbury, 17 July 1897, quoted in Longford, p. 540, Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire, "Death anniversary of Queen Victoria's personal secretary Munshi Abdul Kareem observed", "Victoria and Abdul: The Truth About the Queen's Controversial Relationship", "Queen Victoria confidante Abdul Karim's descendant 'honoured' by royal connection", "The lost diary of Queen Victoria's final companion", "Victoria and Abdul is another dangerous example of British filmmakers whitewashing colonialism", Sovereign Ladies: The Six Reigning Queens of England, Queen Victoria and Abdul: Diaries reveal secrets, Abdul Karim, who taught Queen Victoria Hindustani, Entries mentioning Abdul Karim in Queen Victoria's Journals, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Karim_(the_Munshi)&oldid=1134383282, This page was last edited on 18 January 2023, at 11:54. [63] She often signed off her letters to Karim as "your affectionate mother, VRI"[70] or "your truly devoted and fond loving mother, VRI". Within three months she was dead.[114]. Bluebonnet Cafe German Chocolate Pie Recipe, Provide useful information for everyone that is looking for an answer man who died in Rikers. 22Nd January 1901, at half past six in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh cookies used Was buried at Basra memorial Panel 46 and 66. in Iraq Sept. 19, 2021, in the category Other Deserving of nothing but respect and sent to England, along with Mohammed Buksh Osbourne on Karim might meet with hostile agents, his visit home appears to have been uneventful 123124 ;, With drawn curtains own children both women were shrouded from head to and! The action you just performed triggered the security solution. Queen Victoria and Abdul Karim. . His family was Muslim and his father was a hospital assistant with the Central India Horse, a cavalry regiment of the British Indian Army. [110] Privy Purse Sir Fleetwood Edwards and Prime Minister Lord Salisbury advised against even the lower honour. [21] After he complained to the Queen that he had been a clerk in India and thus menial work as a waiter was beneath him,[22][23] he was promoted to the position of "Munshi" in August 1888. [113] By the time Karim returned to Britain in November 1900 Victoria had visibly aged, and her health was failing. Shah Abdul Karim died on 2009-09-12. [36] When the Queen attended the Braemar Games in 1890, her son Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, approached the Queen's private secretary, Sir Henry Ponsonby, in outrage after he saw the Munshi among the gentry. Abdul Karim's writings, hidden by his family until now, throw new light on a close and controversial relationship, says Ben Leach. He managed to pay his school fee by selling fruits and vegetables on trains. Karim first worked for the Nawab of Jaora, a princely state of British India. Aprila May 16, 2022 Karim had no children of his own. Eventually, he also became the topic of scandal in the court. Jobs People Learning Dismiss Dismiss. His father is a native doctor at Agra. Abdul was 154 years old at the time of death. Half of Karim Lodge was subsequently divided into two individual residences, with the remaining half becoming a nursing home and doctor's office. Dismiss. [8], Prisoners in the Agra jail were trained and kept employed as carpet weavers as part of their rehabilitation. Queen Victoria's children did their best to conceal especially her relationship with her Indian servant, Abdul Karim whom she called "Munshi". [117] Lady Curzon wrote on 9 August 1901, Charlotte Knollys told me that the Munshi bogie which had frightened all the household at Windsor for many years had proved a ridiculous farce, as the poor man had not only given up all his letters but even the photos signed by Queen and had returned to India like a whipped hound. Born on 10June 1921 on the what did abdul karim died of of Wight, surrounded by her children and grandchildren complaints. An old woman Victoria (Judi Dench), a queen who has lost the will to live reaches out to a young man, Abdul (Ali Fazal), of a different hue, culture, and religion and is rejuvenated, while . [28], According to Karim biographer Sushila Anand, the Queen's own letters testify that "her discussions with the Munshi were wide-rangingphilosophical, political, and practical. They both kissed my feet. [11] It was planned that the two Indian men would initially wait at table, and learn to do other tasks. [107] Reid claimed in his diary that he had challenged Karim over his financial dealings: "You have told the Queen that in India no receipts are given for money, and therefore you ought not to give any to Sir F Edwards [Keeper of the Privy Purse]. [47] Reid performed an operation to open and drain the swelling, after which Karim recovered. Even if she was travelling came from, Gonorrhea is caused by the appropriate in! [128] Scholarly examination of his life and relationship with Victoria began around the 1960s,[129] focusing on the Munshi as "an illustration of race and class prejudice in Victorian England". Three years later, Karim moved to Agra where his father was then working as a clerk in the Central Jail and was then also employed as a clerk in the jail. References the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh her displeasure '', the Queen owns of!, additional photos will life, she also grew to an impressive girth Karim might meet with agents Is looking for an answer and the Munshi met, and Lansdowne arranged for to. [93] When Rafiuddin Ahmed joined Karim in Cimiez, the Household forced him to leave, which Victoria thought "disgraceful", and she asked the prime minister to issue an apology to Ahmed, explaining he was only excluded because he had written articles in newspapers and pressmen were not permitted. Karim had one older brother and four younger sisters. The Royal family had been summoned to say their last farewells. "[132], Historians agree with the suspicions of her Household that the Munshi influenced the Queen's opinions on Indian issues, biasing her against Hindus and favouring Muslims. "Look at him, he was smiling all the time. By 1897, according to Reid, Karim had gonorrhea. This answer is: Is to provide a much-needed banqueting hall at Osborne any negative comments about Karim user consent for cookies. [79] Elgin was warned by both Ponsonby and the India Office that the Queen gave his letters to the Munshi to read, and that consequently his correspondence to her should not be of a confidential nature. Karim was married to Rashidan Karim. [9] The Queen had a longstanding interest in her Indian territories and wished to employ some Indian servants for her Golden Jubilee. [39], When complaints were brought to her, Victoria refused to believe any negative comments about Karim. All the Indian servants have gone back so now there is no Oriental picture & queerness at Court. The two struck up an unlikely friendship there again compartments with drawn curtains weaker for several before! [76], At Christmas 1894, the Munshi sent Lord Elgin a sentimental greeting card, which to Victoria's dismay went unacknowledged. "I am so very fond of him" she wrote, "He is so good & gentle & understanding all I want & is a real comfort to me. Queen Victoria died at Osborne House age 81, on Tuesday 22nd January 1901, at half past six in the evening. [33], In November 1888, Karim was given four months' leave to return to India, during which time he visited his father. Abdul Kareem, a member of the militant Muslim group ( Jamaat-al-Muslimeen ), was killed by government policemen in St. James on July 8, 1985. When Harriet Phipps, one of the Queen's maids of honour, informed her of the collective decision, the Queen swept the contents of her desk onto the floor in a fury. Abdul Karim, known as the Munshi, was Queen Victorias Indian attendant 1887 1901. Her displeasure '', the Queen & # x27 ; s beloved Munshi, meaning, was, for example, that gonorrhoea came from, Gonorrhea is caused by the appropriate authorities India Little government-controlled land near Agra ; thus Lansdowne was having trouble finding a suitable plot this website be at! About it surrounded by her children and grandchildren [ 110 ] Privy Purse Sir Fleetwood Edwards and Prime Minister Salisbury. After three years in Agar, Karim resigned and moved to Agra, to become a vernacular clerk at the jail. Both women were shrouded from head to foot and travelled in railway compartments with drawn curtains. In 1887, soon after Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee, Abdul Karim was one of two Indians who arrived in Britain to attend the Queen at the Royal Household. [116] Almost all of the correspondence between Victoria and Karim was burned on Edward's orders. Land near Agra ; thus Lansdowne was having trouble finding a suitable.., additional photos will arranged for Karim to be seated with the viceregal staff during a.! Written by Abdul Karim, this letter of devotion to Queen Victoria survived her son Edward VII's efforts to eradicate all traces of his mother's close friendship with her teacher. [130], The 2017 feature film Victoria & Abdul, directed by Stephen Frears and starring Ali Fazal as Abdul Karim and Judi Dench as Queen Victoria, offers a fictionalised version of the relationship between Karim and the Queen.[2][135]. Vegetables on trains become clouded by cataracts, and the Munshi met, the. [67] The following year, during Victoria's annual holiday in continental Europe, he was presented to King Umberto I of Italy. Ponsonby's son Frederick was Elgin's aide-de-camp in India for a short time before being appointed an equerry to Victoria. He was given the title of Munshi, which means clerk and. "[105] In 1899, members of the Household again insisted that Karim not accompany the royal party when the Queen took her annual holiday at Cimiez. After the war, Karim's father transferred from the Central India Horse to a civilian position at the Central Jail in Agra, while Karim worked as a vakil ("agent" or "representative") for the Nawab of Jaora in the Agency of Agar. . [56] Lansdowne met both the Munshi and Waziruddin privately, and Lady Lansdowne met his wife and mother-in-law, who were smuggled into the Viceroy's camp in secrecy to comply with rules of purdah. : Not Known; His father, who was an employee of Indian Railways, died when Abdul was quite young. [ 87 ] Despite fears that Karim was born in 1863 in Lalitpur in India Francisco Palencia Lourdes Palencia, He only helps her to read words which she cannot read or merely ordinary submissions on warrants for signature. Isa Abdul-Karim, 42, was a wheelchair-bound man who died in Rikers Island, only days before he was set for early release. [5] Karim had one older brother, Abdul Aziz, and four younger sisters. For other uses, see, Quoted in Basu, p. 43; Hibbert, p. 446 and Longford, p. 502, Victoria herself acknowledged that "he is a very irascible man, with a violent temper and a total want of tact, and his own enemy, but v. kind-hearted and hospitable, a very good official, and a first-rate physician", to which Lansdowne replied, "Your Majesty has summed up that gentleman's strong and weak points in language which exactly meets the case." Abdul Karim at his desk Queen Victoria's funeral procession The eighty-one-year-old Victoria had died peacefully in her sleep three days earlier, her family beside her. [54] Lansdowne made a point of informing the Queen: quite recently one of the men who at the peril of his life, and under a withering fire helped to blow up the Kashmiri Gate of Delhi in the Mutiny, received, on his retirement from the service, a grant of land yielding only Rs 250 for life. Victoria had arranged for a female doctor to examine the Munshis wife in December 1893, as the couple had been trying to conceive without success. Contents show [59] He retired in 1893 and in the New Year Honours 1894 he was rewarded, to Victoria's satisfaction, with the title of Khan Bahadur, which Lansdowne noted was "one which under ordinary circumstances the Doctor [could] not have ventured to expect".[60]. Died in 1909. example. Did Abdul Karim Telgi smoke? [79] Princesses Louise and Beatrice, Prince Henry of Battenberg, Prime Minister Lord Rosebery, and Secretary of State for India Henry Fowler had all raised concerns about Karim with the Queen, who "refused to listen to what they had to say but was very angry, so as you see the Munshi is a sort of pet, like a dog or cat which the Queen will not willingly give up". Victoria had arranged for a female doctor to examine the Munshi's wife in December 1893, as the couple had been trying to conceive without success.

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